xamination question paper:

Mock exam 2020

 

Module code:   Component number:	PY7163   002
Module title:	Research Design and Analysis in Psychology
Module leader:	Dr K. Zervoulis

 

 

Date:	TBC
Start time:	TBC
Duration:	2 hours

 

 

Exam type:	EXU
Materials supplied:	None
Materials permitted:	Calculator
Warning:	Candidates are warned that possession of unauthorised materials in an examination is a serious assessment offence.

 

 

Instructions to candidates:	Answer a question by circling the corresponding letter, a,b,c, or d. There is only one correct answer. If you make a mistake or change your mind about an answer, cross out the letter you circled and circle the one corresponding to your answer. A question that is missed counts as wrong; therefore please attempt all the questions. There is no negative marking.
	Do not turn page over until instructed

 

© London Metropolitan University

 

1. When you specify the precise meaning of a variable in terms of the specific procedures to be performed, you are _______________________ your variables.
   1. classifying
   2. delineating
   3. outlining
   4. operationalizing

 

 

2. Campbell and White (2015) had one group of undergraduates exercise while listening to music and another group of undergraduates exercise without listening to music. Afterwards, Campbell and White measured the study participants’ mood. Which of the following was Campbell and White’s independent variable?
   1. exercise
   2. mood
   3. music
   4. undergraduates

 

 

3. Quiles (2003) asked university students in Puerto Rico and New Jersey to rank romantic behaviours from 1 (most romantic) to 15 (least romantic). What scale of measurement was Quiles using?
   1. interval
   2. ordinal
   3. nominal
   4. ratio

 

 

4. Construct validity is the degree to which a test
   1. accurately predicts a particular future behaviour.
   2. actually measures the construct it is designed to measure.
   3. correlates with an already validated measure given at the same time.
   4. includes non-systematic fluctuation in the measurement.

 

 

5. What technique do researchers use when they want to provide an in-depth study of an unusual individual?
   1. an archival study
   2. a case study
   3. a reaction study
   4. a single-subject study

 

 

6. Guéguen, Jacob and Lamy (2010) found that participants randomly assigned to hear romantic versus neutral music were almost twice as likely to provide their phone number when requested. Now pretend for a moment that the confederate who asked for phone numbers dressed nicely every time romantic music was playing and every time neutral music was playing, he didn’t dress well. This was not deliberate. The confederate’s clothing in this case would be considered a(n)
   1. confound
   2. extraneous variable
   3. matched variable
   4. superfluous variable

 

 

7. When looking at the relationship between variables what does the generated p-value represent?
   1. The probability that the relationship you observed occurred by chance.
   2. The probability that there is a relationship between the variables.
   3. The probability of the null hypothesis being true.
   4. The probability of the relationship occurring by chance if the null hypothesis were true.

 

 

8. If, in a between-participants design with two conditions, you have a small number of participants, with strongly skewed data and unequal variances, the most appropriate inferential test to use is
   1. a Wilcoxon test.
   2. a Kruskal-Wallis test.
   3. a Mann-Whitney test.
   4. a Friedman’s ANOVA.

 

 

9. We find that our mean for the experimental condition of a study is 5.75 and that the confidence limits for this sample are 5.21 and 6.29. How should we interpret this?
   5. We are 95% confident that our sample mean falls between 5.21 and 6.29.
   6. We are 95% confident that the population mean falls between 5.21 and 6.29.
   7. We are 95% confident that our sample mean is different to the population mean.
   8. We are 95% confident that our sample mean is the same as the population mean.

 

 

10. You obtain the following result using a related t-test: t(39) = -1.89; p = .07. What does this tell us?
    1. Assuming the null hypothesis to be true, we have a 7% chance of finding the t-value of -1.89.
    2. There is a 93% chance of obtaining a t-value of -1.89 by sampling error alone, assuming the null hypothesis to be true.
    3. There is a 7% chance of obtaining a statistically significant result.
    4. There is a difference of 1.89 between the different conditions of the study but this is not statistically significant.

 

 

11. Consider the following output for an independent t-test. If we were to report the statistical information from the output, which of the following would be correct?

 

37. t(37.73) = 7.07; p = .001.
38. t(37.73) = 7.07; p < .001.
39. t(38) = 7.07; p = .001.
40. t(38) = 7.07; p < .001.

 

 

12. Consider the following output for an independent t-test.  The difference between the mean anxiety scores for the stress condition and no stress condition is:

2. -2.5.
3. 5.
4. 35.
5. 07.

 

 

13. If two variables have a positive relationship and shared 49% of their variance, what would the correlation between them be?
    1. 7.
    2. 24.
    3. 49.
    4. 049.

 

 

14. A negative relationship means:
    1. the results are against what was predicted.
    2. as scores on one variable go up, scores on the other go down.
    3. as scores on one variable go up, scores on the other go up.
    4. the relationship is unimportant as it is negative.

 

 

15. What can you conclude about the correlation between maths ability and statistical ability?
    1. A positive correlation between maths ability and statistical ability.
    2. A negative correlation between maths ability and statistical ability.
    3. You cannot conclude anything based on this data.
    4. No correlation between maths ability and statistical ability.

 

 

16. What are residuals?
    1. The distance of the data points from the line of best fit.
    2. Data that is not entered into the analysis.
    3. Data which does not support the prediction.
    4. Both b and c.

 

 

 

17. Look at the following table, what would the regression equation be for this relationship?
    4. y = .38x – 4.703.
    5. y = .165x + 2.722.
    6. y = .45x + .4703.
    7. y = .45x – 4.703.

 

 

18. What do the results presented in the ANOVA table of a multiple regression mean?
    1. They don’t mean anything as this is a different test.
    2. They indicate whether the predictor variables combined are significantly related to the criterion variable.
    3. They indicate if the predictor variables independently predict scores on the criterion variable.
    4. Both b and c.

 

 

19. Between-groups variation arises from:
    1. experimental error.
    2. treatment effects.
    3. individual differences.
    4. all of the above.

 

 

20. The assumption that the variances of the population difference scores should be the same for any two conditions is called:
    1. homogeneity of variance.
    3. normality of distribution.
    4. Levene’s test.

 

 

 

 

21. Consider the following output which shows a repeated-measures ANOVA with three levels. Assume sphericity has been violated. The largest difference is between:
    2. time 1 and 2.
    3. time 1 and 3.
    4. time 2 and 3.
    5. it is not possible to tell from this information.

 

 

22. A main effect in factorial ANOVA refers to:
    1. the overall effect of an IV on the DV.
    2. the effect of one IV on another IV.
    3. the effect of the DV on the IV.
    4. the interaction between the IV’s.

 

 

23. In a 2 x 2 x 3 mixed ANOVA how many potential main effects will there be?

 

 

 

24. Consider the following output which shows a between-participants 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA from a study looking at the effect of gender and support group membership on depression in individuals with diabetes. What can we conclude from the output?

 

1. That there is a main effect of gender and a main effect of support, which are probably not due to sampling error.
2. That there is a main effect of gender, a main effect of support and an interaction between the two IV’s, which are probably not due to sampling error.
3. That there is a main effect of gender and an interaction, which are probably not due to sampling error.
4. None of the above.

 

 

 

 

The next three questions relate to Figure 1, below:

 

Figure 1

 

 

25. Figure 1 is an example of which type of plot?
    1. An odds ratio plot
    2. A trim and fill plot
    3. A funnel plot
    4. A distribution plot

 

 

26. What is confidence interval in figure 1?
    1. CI 100
    2. P>0.001
    3. CI 95%
    4. P=.50

 

 

27. What is Egger’s test used for in a meta-analysis?
    1. It consists of plotting the regression line between the independent variable and the dependent variable
    2. It is a test for asymmetry of figure 1
    3. It can detect bias will be low with small numbers of studies
    4. Answers a, b and c

 

 

 

 

28. Rosenthal’s (1979) fail and state outcome is used for what purpose?
    1. It is used to establish how many studies would be needed to make the combined studies’ effect size non-significant, so that the new combined effect size is zero
    2. It is used to confirm which studies should be eliminated from the meta-analysis
    3. It is a test used to measure levels of homogeneity
    4. It is a test which measures levels of significance

 

 

29. When conducting a meta-analysis, Dr Banbury wishes to establish the level of heterogeneity between studies. Which of the following tests could be conducted to determine this?
    1. Chi Square
    2. MANOVA
    3. T test
    4. Mediation

 

 

30. Bias detection in a meta-analysis might include which of the following?
    1. Plots of trials are often skewed and asymmetrical
    2. Statistically significant results are more likely to result in publication bias
    3. Publication bias is more apparent among smaller trials
    4. Answers a, b and c