Interviewing and interrogating

Interviewing and Interrogating” Please respond to the following:
• From the e-Activity, determine the fundamental differences between the Reid, Kinesic, and Peace Methods of interviewing and interrogating a suspect that are used as part of a criminal investigation. Provide one example of a situation or scenario (real or fictional) when each of these has been or should have been used. Provide a rationale to support your response and respond to no less than one of your peers.

RESPONSE TO CLASSMATE:
Kellianne Rugh
RE: Week 4 Discussion

The Reid Technique of police interrogation is a method of interviewing suspects used by law enforcement officials and is comprised of three stages:
1. The Factual Analysis – The phase when the would-be interrogator gathers information about their suspect.
2. The behavior analysis interview (BAI) – After the interrogator identifies their suspect, they conduct a behavior analysis interview to pinpoint the suspects’ behavioral nuances and build trust with the suspect. In addition, the BAI is designed to identify whether or not the suspect is truthful based on their responses to questions in the interview.
3. The interrogation – The third and final stage, a nine-step accusatory process designed to elicit a confession. information gathered during the BAI is used against the suspect in the interrogation. during the interrogation, the suspect is informed that his or her guilt has already been confirmed. The suspect is convinced of this through a multitude of techniques, including: interrogators talking over the suspect, interrogators talking in monologues and not letting the suspect speak, and interrogators reminding the suspect that they will surely face a harsh punishment.
Kinesics is the study of non-verbal communication. The kinesic method for evaluation interviewees involves evaluating how their body language meshes with what they say. In addition to general visual cues, these motions are often quite effective in evaluating honesty. Law enforcement officers investigating a case look for certain behaviors that indicate guilt, commonly known as confession behaviors. These include slumping in a chair, crying, or taking on an explanatory tone of voice. Tactical kinesics involves a more aggressive approach to gleaning non-verbal data. These techniques are most commonly used in law enforcement. They are used to get confessions from uncooperative suspects who tend to excel at deception. Since suspects and interviewees display so much non-verbal action with their words, investigators often use the narrative technique to gather as much kinesthetic data as possible. This method involves letting the subject do all the talking without the interruption. This technique also allows a baseline story to evolve, which the investigator can then dissect later for truthfulness.
Another method of investigative interviewing, known as the PEACE model, assumes the following: that a relaxed subject with whom the interviewer has rapport, is more likely to cooperate. Not to mention that it is far more pleasant for both parties if the atmosphere isn’t charged with aggression and intimidation. The PEACE model was developed in the early 90s as a collaborative effort between law enforcement and psychologists in England and Wales. It was conceived as a way to stem the proliferation of false confessions that were resulting from an accusatory style of interviewing. PEACE stands for: Preparation and Planning, Engage and Explain, Account, Clarifiy and Challenge, Closure, Evaluation. A non-accusatory, information gathering approach to investigative interviewing, the PEACE model is considered to be best practice and is suitable for any time of interviewee, victim, witness or suspect.
An example of when each technique has been or should be used:
In 2003, while disembarking a GO Bus on his way home, Michale Dixon was arrested for a robbery he did not commit. Dixon, who is black, tall, and was wearing boots and socks that night. Eyewitness accounts of the robbery described a short, white man wearing sandals with no socks as the perpetrator. Despite this, and other clear evidence, Dixon was arrested and spent three-and-a-half-days in custody. While in custody, Hamilton police used the Reid Technique of police interrogation on Dixon, in the hopes of pressuring him to confess. Dixon was then subject to strict bail conditions for nine months, before his charges were withdrawn.
One example of when the Kinesic Method would be good to use during an interrogation would be when you are questioning someone about a violent crime or murder. Most of the time, suspects who are guilty will give non-verbal signs that tell the investigators that they are lying. This is good to use because it allows the investigators to question them a little further or ask different questions so the suspect admits that they are lying.
While the PEACE method would be ideal to use in almost all interrogations, I don’t think that many officers would use this method. I see this method a lot on the tv show 48Hours. The investigators are calm and peaceful with the suspects and talk to them calmly. Sometimes, interviews can go astray and both the suspect and investigators become hostile.

RESOURCES USED:
https://smordinlaw.com/police-interrogation/
https://work.chron.com/kinesic-interview-techniques-18526.html
https://i-sight.com/resources/investigative-interviewing-techniques-the-peace-model/
https://smordinlaw.com/police-interrogation/