BIO 102 Exam 1 review guide
1) What is the scientific method? What are the general steps?
2) What qualities make up a good hypothesis?
3) Can you prove/disprove a hypothesis?
4) What is a scientific theory?
5) What is a controlled experiment?
6) What is confirmation bias?
7) What is a blind trial? Double blind? What are they used for ?
8) Are amino acids only made by living things?
9) Are we sure that life arose on earth?
10) Think about the amino acids on earth. What is different about them, when compared to amino acids in meteorites?
11) Think of a few ways we might be able to identify earth life from space life (like bacteria).
12) What are hydrothermal vents?
13) What was the difference between the early earth atmosphere and the one we have now?
14) What caused the above difference?
15) Could new life (new cells made from chemical building blocks, rather than from dividing living cells) still be forming itself now? Why/why not?
16) What were the first life forms on earth (that we know of?)
17) What is a prokaryote?
18) Know the difference between aerobe/anaerobe and facultative/obligate.
19) Know heterotroph/autotroph
20) What are primary and secondary endosymbiosis theories?
21) What is phylogeny? What does it ‘measure’?
22)Make sure you can read a simple phylogenetic tree to get the following info from it:
A) Are two different things in the same ‘clade’?
B) Did two different groups share a common ancestor?
C) Which speciation event happened earlier or later?
D) Did group A evolve from group B? (like: did humans evolve from chimpanzees)
E) Does ancestry = evolution?
23) What is a molecular clock?
24) Can we use molecular clocks on bacteria? Why/why not?
25) What is a bacterial plasmid?
26) How do bacteria get new DNA?
27) Know the difference between horizontal/vertical gene transfer (which one is inherited, and 28) which is handing something to your neighbor?)
28) Bacterial shapes (coccus, bacillus, spirillum)
29) Analagous traitsversus homologous traits: which are inherited? which have evolved separately in response to the same “problem”?
>>which of the above (analogous/homologous) come from “convergent evolution”?
“2019 novel Coronavirus”
30. What is the agent of the outbreak?
31. How is the virus spread?
32. What is the R0 number (by definition what is an R0 number, and what is the specific R0 range calculated for this virus?)
33. Why do scientists predict the 2% fatality rate is possibly an overestimation of the real rate?
34. What are the hosts of the virus?
35. What is the environment of the virus?
