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Roles
Throughout this course, we have learned how the Homeland Security Enterprise (HSE) can cohesively bring numerous intelligence and law enforcement agencies at the Federal, State and Local levels together in a concerted effort to protect the homeland from foreign and domestic threats. Post 9/11 it was imperative that this type of cooperation was absolutely necessary to protect the homeland regarding information sharing and intelligence gaps (i.e. ODNI, Fusion Centers). With the advent of the Patriot Act, FISA, and other groundbreaking legislation, the HSE has evolved to counter threats to the homeland. Now more than ever, with the threat of a possible Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive event (CBRNE), it’s evident that the role of the HSE and its elaborate IC is to “collect on all threats to the nation and provide warning and intelligence assessments to head off threats before they manifest themselves here in the homeland” (Akerman, 2020). If an adversary, enemy, group or individual were to deploy a CBRNE weapon in the US, the two most important aspects that intelligence in support of the HSE must take in to account, is to be aware how they could deploy it and plan for the possibility and its effects. In addition to state and local emergency services being first on scene to a CBRNE event, the roles of other federal agencies in support of the HSE include: The FBI’s Hazardous Materials Response Unit; the Department of Energy’s’ Radiological Assessment Program; the Department of Health and Human Services’ Metropolitan Medical Response System, and the CDC’s Strategic National Stockpile.
Responsibilities
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) can cause mass destruction and casualties, combine this with a CBRNE capability and a terrorist organization, group or individual can make an excessively big statement by causing devastation and mass hysteria. Take for example, a chemical agent that is dispersed in a densely populated area such as New York City, though chemical agents are not an effective killing agent, their gruesome effects make the psychological impact of these weapons especially potent. What would be the HSE’s responsibility be in countering a CBRNE incident such as this? The HSE is a part of the broader US National Security Strategy and it specifically focuses on countering WMD terrorist threats to the homeland in which a CBRNE event could be involved. The responsibilities for countering such an incident through intelligence gathering and analyzation, is centered on eight lines of effort to include: denying terrorists access to dangerous materials, agents and equipment; detect and deter terrorist WMD lots; degrade terrorist WMD technical capabilities; deter support for WMD terrorism; globalize the counter WMD terrorism fight; strengthen America’s national defenses; enhance federal, state, and local preparedness against WMD terrorism; and avoid technological surprise (National Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism, 2018).
Effective Employment
In the event the US suffered a terrorism-related CBRNE attack, the HSE can be effectively employed through the Joint Task Force Civil Support (JTF-CS). The JTF-CS provides command and control for DOD CBRNE response forces in conjunction with a lead agency such as FEMA and other relevant federal agencies (i.e. FBI, DOE, DOH, MMRS and CDC). The JTF-CS effectively responds to a CBRNE event through the following operational phases: shaping involves training and cultivating working relationships with local, state, and federal agencies that would respond to a CBRNE event; anticipating involves crisis action planning and interagency coordination; responding involves saving lives, mitigating the effects of the CBRNE incident and providing temporary critical support; operating provides immediate assistance through key lifesaving operations to include casualty search and rescue, patient decontamination and emergency medical services; stabilizing involves civil authorities shifting their priority of effort from lifesaving operations to supporting recovery; and finally transitioning occurs when civil authorities are fully prepared to sustain the long term recovery after a CBRNE incident.
Reference:
JTFCS Fact Sheet. http://www.jtfcs.northcom.mil/JTFCS.aspx
National Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism (2018). Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/20181210_National-Strategy-for-Countering-WMD-Terrorism.pdf
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