Writer’s choice
TO PREPARE
Use the key words from the PICO(T) question you developed and search at least four different databases in the Walden Library. Identify at least four relevant systematic reviews or other filtered high-level evidence, which includes meta-analyses, critically-appraised topics (evidence syntheses), critically-appraised individual articles (article synopses). The evidence will not necessarily address all the elements of your PICO(T) question, so select the most important concepts to search and find the best evidence available.
Reflect on the process of creating a PICO(T) question and searching for peer-reviewed research.
Create a 6- to 7-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:
Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest.
Describe how you developed a PICO(T) question focused on your chosen clinical issue of interest.
Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
Provide APA citations of the four relevant peer-reviewed articles at the systematic-reviews level related to your research question. If there are no systematic review level articles or meta-analysis on your topic, then use the highest level of evidence peer reviewed article.
Describe the levels of evidence in each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, including an explanation of the strengths of using systematic reviews for clinical research. Be specific and provide examples.
-NEEDS INTRODUCTION/CONCLUSION
The development of a formula for a researchable, answerable question addressing an intended need will ensure the search process becomes more effective (Price & Christenson, 2013). Therefore, the one such formula is the PICOT form. The PICOT make up the clinical questions adopted in evidence-based practice, which leads to effective outcomes resulting in the best information that is relevant (Stillwell et al., 2010). According to Cooper et al. (2018), the key to boost patient outcomes is to formulate a question in a manner that finding a solution/answer is more efficient and quicker. Given the opioid epidemic in the last two decades, and the lack of a lasting solution, the proposal to use naloxone (Narcan) can assist in helping opioid-related overdoses, thus the formulation of the PICOT question below.
PICOT Question
Are opioid users (P) with access to naloxone (I) compared to those without access (C) at risk of (O) fatally overdose
Databases and Keywords Used
While formulating the PICOT question, the databases used include CINAHL, PubMed, Medscape, Cochrane Library, and Medline. The search terms used include; The Opioid reversal drug, current opioid statistics, opioid overdose crisis, Opioid data analysis and resources, opiate overdose prevention, opioid deaths by state, opioid overdose reversal guidelines, and opioid naloxone fact sheets.
Based on these search terms, the search results only brought 43 articles. The refining of the search using naloxone as the generic term instead of Narcan brought forth 4,325 articles. Further refining with specified dates of 2015 and 2020 resulted in 3,212 articles. Additionally, using the Boolean operators by using words such as naloxone or Narcan, an opioid overdose and prevention narrowed the number of articles to only peer-reviewed and those written in the English language to only 334 articles. Lastly, to increase the effectiveness and rigor of the database search, more databases should be used, for example, the EBSCO.
References
Cooper, C., Booth, A., Varley-Campbell, J., Britten, N., & Garside, R. (2018). Defining the process to literature searching in systematic reviews: A literature review of guidance and supporting studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1). https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12874-018-0545-3
Price, C. P., & Christenson, R. H. (2013). Ask the right question: a critical step for practicing evidence-based laboratory medicine. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 50, 306-14. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0004563213476486
Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Asking the clinical question: A key step in evidence-based practice. American Journal of Nursing, 110(3), 58–61. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000368959.11129.79.
