Biology

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Cell Reproduction Cycle

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Cell Reproduction Cycle

Cellular reproduction in a normal patient allows for body cells to repair themselves when one has a cut. My patient was experiencing problems with her skin failing to repair itself which is not the case for cells in good condition. Failures in skin repair underscores serious problem with cell division in the patient’s body. Human skin is created in such a way that cells are dividing to make new cells. Such division then makes it possible for human skin to repair itself with time in case of an injury. A look into the various stages of cell reproduction may help uncover possible causes for failed repair by skin. The process of cell reproduction follow four stages as described below.

Cell Reproduction Cycle

Cell reproduction is a unique trait for living organisms as a cell divides to form two cells or more in a cycle that ensures cell reproduction. Cells divide or reproduce to facilitate replacement of old or damaged cells. Cells also divide and reproduce to pave way for growth of new organism. Based on different types of cells, cell reproduction can take two forms either meiosis or mitosis.

This process of cell reproduction can be witnessed in a normal patient whose skin and body cells can repair itself. Both meiosis and mitosis are modes of cell division with different characteristics. Mitosis cell reproduction has a single cell dividing to form two cells while meiosis reproduction has cells break up from one cell to form four (Lesch & Page, 2012). The characteristics of mitosis make it suitable for normal growth, repair and maintenance while meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction with capacity to provide for genetic diversity.

Mitosis Cell Division

Mitosis refers cycles in which to non-reproductive cells or somatic cells divide. Most of the human body is made up of somatic cells and that includes the hair cells, gut, lungs, skin, and muscles.  In mitosis cell division, all daughter cells have DNA and chromosomes that are similar to those of the parent cells. Diploids are generated as daughter cells and have two sets of chromosome. In normal healthy cells, there is no genetic diversity between the daughter and parent cells since DNA characteristics are similar.

Cell reproduction cycle in Mitosis begins with at interphase stage. During this stage the cells are getting ready to divide between commencements of the cell cycle (Bai, 2015). Cells during interphase stage collect energy and nutrients and this explains why cells spend most time in this initial stage. The cells from there follow the cycle to Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.

Prophase

During prophase cell chromosomes condense becoming visible as centrosomes produce spindle fibers. In this stage, nuclear envelope also breaks down.

Prometaphase

In this stage process of chromosomal condensing in the cells continues as centromeres become ground development of kinetochores.as this stage comes to an end, there is an attachment of the mitotic spindle microtubules on the kinetochores.

Metaphase

The third stage of mitosis cell division experiences alignment of the chromosomes at the metaphase with each sister chromatid attached to spindle fibers that originate from opposite poles.

Anaphase

It is in this stage of cell division that the centromeres are divided into two. Sister chromatids fully develop to chromosomes and are attracted to the opposite side. Specific spindle fibers then begin elongating the cell.

Telophase  

The arrival of chromosomes on the opposite side is marked with a process of slowly de condensing. The mitotic spindle is broken down as each set of chromosomes is surrounded by nuclear envelope materials.

Cytokinesis

This is the final stage of mitosis and gives rise to new cells either plant cells or animal cells.

Meiosis cell division

This is another main form of cell division where sex cells are created. This type of cell division is concern with the process of reproduction. The type of cells created from Meiosis includes sperms cells in male and female egg cells. Meiosis cell division gives rise to genetic diversity among all living organisms that reproduce sexually.

There are two types of cell division in meiosis known as meiosis 1 and meiosis 2.meiosis 1 is the stage of crossing over and division of the cells into halves. The Meiosis 2 phase divides the genetic information from chromosomes of each cell (Richey, 2018). At the end of meiosis 1 and 2, four haploid cells are borne.  Haploids comprise of only a single set of chromosomes.

Advantages of Mitosis

• Mitosis is beneficial in cell division as it allows for identical characteristics in cells of living organisms.
• Mitosis allows human cells to easily make sisters cells through replication.

Disadvantage

• Mitosis cell division does not allow generic variation and as such all generations are exposed to same disorders.

Benefits of Meiosis

• Meiosis cell division produces genetic variation and as such there is a wide variety of off springs.
• There is a likelihood of easy control of disease due to reshuffled genetic composition

Disadvantage of Meiosis

• The process of reproduction in meiosis takes time because it takes two organisms to reproduce.

Alteration of Diploid and Haploid Cell Development

Diploid cell development is concern with mitosis cell divisions while haploid is related to meiosis cell division. The patient with a problem for failed cell repair after a cut has an issue with their diploid cell development. The same patient is also experiencing malfunction of reproduction cells which are haploid cells. Challenges of cell reproduction seem to be the case of my patient and that can have significant repercussions.

Firstly, cell repair is made possible by the process of mitosis where cells regenerate to repair old and damaged cells. For patient, the failure of cells to repair themselves may mean damaged cells with much severity that exceeds the ability of such cells to repair. This may mean that the damaged cells may be irreversible.

The haploid cells that are related to reproduction in my patient also seem to have a problem that may alter the haploid development process. Damaged haploid cells might be as a result of insufficient genetic components that when missing can inhibit cell growth and development. Such issues can only be fixed if the missing components are added.

Cell division is an important aspect of human cell reproduction cells in the body multiply to create room for repairs and replacements. Cell reproduction takes different forms which include mitosis cell division and meiosis cell division. Mitosis is related to division and reproduction of basic growth cells and their repairs and gives rise to diploid cells. On the other hand, meiosis is a reproduction cell cycle where organisms create varying genetic material to reproduce. Damage of the cells can have repercussions on development process of either haploid or diploid cells.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Bai, S. N. (2015). The concept of the sexual reproduction cycle and its evolutionary significance.

Frontiers in plant science, 6, 11.

Lesch, B. J., & Page, D. C. (2012). Genetics of germ cell development. Nature Reviews

            Genetics, 13(11), 781-794.

Richey, B. P. (2018). Complications in Cell Reproduction Causing Cell Death. Microreviews in

            Cell and Molecular Biology, 4(2).