Respond with suggestion regarding additional patient factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients they described. In addition, suggest how the personalized plan of care might change if the age of the patient were different and/or if the patient had a comorbid condition, such as renal failure, heart failure, or liver failure.

Recommendation of Personalized Care Plan

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Recommendation of Personalized Care Plan

The patient described displays two additional factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes, namely, poor diet and poor medication routine. The patient is primarily described as having a poor diet characterized by high salt intake and high consumption of processed foods. Secondly, the patient did not follow instructions on the right time to take Humalog. (Kruger, 2019) He was instructed to take the drug before meals or immediately after meals; however, he took the drug long after taking meals. The simultaneous drug and food intake have a substantial impact on the absorption, distribution, safety, and efficacy of pharmacotherapy (Koziolek, 2019). This is because, in every consumption of food or drink, changes in human physiological factors are expected. Delayed eating after Humalog taking may result in severe hypoglycemia, as one eats; Humalog manages sugar spikes hence maintaining balance. High salt consumption raises one’s blood pressure, which goes hand in hand with diabetes; hence, it affects drug-food interaction.

The personalized care plan developed might change to include not only education on injection and salt intake but also the development of a meal plan for him. Diabetes control can be challenging, especially among senior adults; however, a glucose-monitoring device helps monitor and reduce many complications. If the patient had comorbid conditions, the care plan would change to accommodate new eating and medication requirements. It is essential to take into consideration other medications and treatment plans that do not result in adverse drug-drug interaction in addition to drug-food interaction (Nichol, 2013). Moreover, it is imperative to offer support systems, guidance, and education to diabetic patients with multi-morbid conditions to manage the effects of diabetes and comorbid effects though nursing and self-care.

References

Koziolek, M. S. (2019). The mechanisms of pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions – A perspective from the UNGAP group. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 134(15), pp; 31-59.

Kruger, D. &. (2019). Role of ultrafast-acting insulin analogues in the management of diabetes. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, Vol 31(9), pp; 537.

Nichol, J. A. (2013). Multiple Medication Adherence and its Effect on Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension. Medical Care, Vol 51(10), pp; 879-887.