Management

Describe the four phases of the resource allocation process. You need to explain the details of each phase (who, what, when, where, why).
PPBE
Enactment
Apportionment
Execution
Write a two-page paper, plus the title page and a reference page. As always, read all the lesson notes before you start this assignment as new or current events may have been updated since the start of class.
Writing Instructions (Please do read this):

•Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
•APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to APA style and formatting.
•Length of paper: typed, double-spaced pages with no less than a two page paper.
•Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

ANSWER

Resource Allocation Process

All the resources used in the Department of Defense are acquired through the resource allocation procedure. These resources range from equipment, facilities to people and capital. Capital is fundamental to acquiring the entire range of these resources. The resource allocation process constitutes four distinctive operations: The planning, programming, budgeting, and execution (PPBE) steps, enactment, apportionment, and execution.

PPBE Process

This is a unique phase to the division of defense with a primary function of evaluating mission requirements, match the needs with resource requirements, and turn these requirements into budget proposals. The process provides the department portion of the president’s overall budget. The planning stage involves defining and examining alternative strategies, evaluating available threats, and other economic examinations in line with efforts to acknowledge both change and long-term implications of the existing choices. The programming phase analyzes and defines other force structures, weapon, and support systems plus their resource implications (Fast, 2015). The budgeting process engages the execution, formulation, and control of budget with the primary intention of dissecting the first two years of a program’s budget to ensure effective utilization of resources. Execution is the final stage that intends to evaluate the program results.

Enactment

The phase begins with submitting the president’s budget to Congress to discuss and approve the presented budget. A concurrent budget resolution is the first action under this stage, created by the house and senate budget committees and approved by both congress houses. It unveils the needed federal revenues levels, effective levels of new budget outlays, and the recommended deficit amounts for five years (Rendon & Snider, 2019). Under this process, the second stage is authorization, where the senate armed services committees provide the national defense authorization act. It approves the programs and highest amounts that can be appropriated for programs. After an intense hearing, where the department’s top leadership testifies, the committee performs a line-by-line evaluation of the proposed bill. The final bill is returned to be passed in the same form by both houses’ whole membership.

Apportionment

The department of management and budget allocates budget authority to the executive institutions centered on Congress’s appropriation. This typically creates a checking account on which these institutions can draw to sign contracts and pay bills. Funds are then channeled to the agencies after a given time, normally quarterly. Division of defense is then subjected to the same process to provide budget authority to the military departments and defense institutions (Kendall, 2017). The comptroller can also retain finances at the defense level division while the military departments allocate funds to the needed level for obligation and expenditure. The undersecretary of defense also scrutinizes Congress’s appropriations into program elements of the defense department’s eleven primary force initiatives. This presents an active way of tracking and managing funds through the mission area.

Execution

Budget execution is the necessitating and outlaying of appropriated funds for the department of defense actions. The process also engages in execution monitoring and reprogramming. In summary, resource allocation is a difficult, intense action with major players from the military divisions, the joint staff, and Congress. The focus of a secure surrounding has changed from a soviet centered threat to an orientation for regional threats. Resource allocation procedure is even harder in this surrounding, as the country finds it hard to solve priorities between a changing global safety environment and wants of the domestic economy.

References

Fast, W. R. (2015). Department of Defense Management of Unobligated Funds for Acquisition Programs (Briefing Charts). NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA.

Kendall, F. (2017). Getting defense acquisition right. Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Washington United States.

Rendon, R. G., & Snider, K. F. (2019). Management of defense acquisition projects. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc..