( formatting in the APA style)

You will write a short paper applying skills learned from Modules 1, 2, and 3 in order to identify and describe the variables, hypotheses, and research question you will need to complete your final research proposal. This assignment should include the information provided in your first assignment but expand in more detail on the hypothesis(es) developed based on your research question and what variables you will be using to address the research question. Your hypothesis(es) should make clear the main independent and dependent variables in your proposal and the relationships between these variables that you are examining. In addition to identifying your variables, describe them using characteristics that have been presented in class (e.g., unit of analysis, operational definitions).

Your Variable Assignment Paper should be 2 pages long, and it should include all of the following topics:

1- Overview of the finalized research question
2- Your hypothesis/hypotheses
Independent variable(s)
Dependent variable(s)
3- Description of all variables that you will address
Unit(s) of analysis
Operational Definition(s)
4- Rationale, evidence, and support for why you think these variables are the correct ones to focus on, in order to address your research question.

ANSWER

Does Chinese history on security concerns including privacy and data violation contribute to its failed efforts to sell cars in the USA market?

Does Chinese history on security concerns including privacy and data violation contribute to its failed efforts to sell cars in the USA market?

The identified research topic is related to a problem identified in which cars produced in China are hardly or not even sold in the USA. As specified, Chinese automaking companies’ efforts to enter the USA market have proven futile and difficult. Arguments made to evaluate and research this problem include questioning the quality and standards of Chinese automotive or lack of American consumers for Chinese cars due to the different car specifications, aesthetics, consumer choices, and import tariffs (Yu & Zhang, 2019). Moreover, the negative attitude and notions the world has on Chinese products and ways of ruling, including legal, privacy, and data violation issues, could cause the failed market entry efforts. Hence, this failure could be politically influenced, and in a criminology perspective, this problem can be researched asking: Does Chinese history on security concerns including privacy and data violation contribute to its failed efforts to sell cars in the USA market? From this finalized research question one can hypothesize that it is due to the Chinese history on violation in intellectual property, online privacy, and personal data use that contribute to its vulnerability and disadvantage in selling Chinese made cars in the USA due to USA’s national security concerns. Besides, this security concern has been encountered in other Chinese companies and products in the USA (Chen, 2019).

Therefore, the independent variable in the question is security concerns, as it can change and is the cause. Simultaneously, the failed efforts to sell Chinese cars in the USA market is the dependent variable as it presents the effect depending on the changes of the independent variable. For instance, it is the security concerns and possible crime-related violations of personal data use and privacy resulting in unlawful surveillance and spying (cause) that could result in the USA government disapproving Chinese cars into the USA market, hence failed efforts by Chinese automakers to sell Chinese made vehicles to American consumers (effect) (Thomas, 2020). The units of analysis in this research will include the organizations, especially Chinese automakers, authority figures (Chinese and American governments), and groups (American consumers).

The variables discussed in this question include national security concerns, Chinese data policy and personal data use violation, efforts to sell Chinese cars in America, the possibility of illegal surveillance using the vehicles and spying. In this research, Chinese history’s security concerns are defined through previous crime-related violations in intellectual property, online privacy, and personal data use resulting in unlawful surveillance and spying causing the failed car entry and sales efforts among American consumers. Moreover, the failed efforts are defined by whether the Chinese cars meet the national security measures that do not warrant any threat to America’s national security.

Finally, the identified independent and dependent variables are the most appropriate for successful, well-structured and comprehensive research, as they directly capture all aspects of the identified problem and answer the question altogether. When researching why Chinese cars are hardly or not even sold in the USA, it becomes a broad topic with many answers depending on how different people view it. However, when fitting this topic and research problem into a criminology perspective, the identified variables establish a sense of crime, making the research question firm and specific. In this case, crime is sourced from the security concerns and violations China has previously been involved in regarding personal data use and privacy violations, including unknowingly and illegally spying and conducting surveillance among citizens, mostly seen with electric vehicles.

References

Chen, M. S. (2019). China’s Data Collection on US Citizens: Implications, Risks, and Solutions. Journal of Science Policy & Governance, 15(1), pp; 1-14.

Thomas, L. (2020, September 18). Independent and dependent variables. Retrieved from Scribbr: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/independent-and-dependent-variables/#:~:text=You%20can%20think%20of%20independent,outcome%20in%20the%20dependent%20variable.

Yu, M., & Zhang, R. (2019). Understanding the recent Sino-US trade conflict. China Economic Journal, 12(2), 160-174.