Provide an example of how the Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems respond similarly during an acute bout of aerobic exercise, and an example of how they respond differently during an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Please specify the variable(s) to which you are referring and provide data from our lesson or a research article. As always, please include citation(s) for all resources you use.
Week Lesson
https://s3.amazonaws.com/user-content-upload-prod/Ferretti et al__1561647350849. 2017
https://youtube.com/watch?v=bHZsvBdUC2I%3Fwmode%3Dopaque%26rel%3D0
https://youtube.com/watch?v=X9ZZ6tcxArI%3Fwmode%3Dopaque%26rel%3D0
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circresaha.117.305205
This week we will explore the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and their regulation. These systems work hand in hand both at rest and during exercise to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the cells of our body (internal respiratrion). They take away oxygen poor (and CO2 rich) blood from the cells and deliver it to the lungs where we exhale CO2 and inhale O2 (external respiration) and the process starts all over again. In addition to the events of respiration, we will also examine the steps in pulmonary ventilation.

We will also assess how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems respond to a bout of acute exercise. The cardiac response to acute exercise will be examined as well as the role of blood pressure in the exercise response. It is important to remember that these concepts are interrelated. Cardiac output, or the amount of blood that leaves the left ventricle each minute is a product of the number of times the heart beats each minute (heart rate) and the amount of blood that leaves the ventricle with each beat (stroke volume). That is, CO = HR x SV. If either HR or SV, or both, increase, so does CO. This is exactly what happens when we move from rest, where our body’s blood needs are lower, to a state of exercise, where we send more blood or cardiac output through our vessels each minute. Don’t forget to also include the units of measurement when discussing these terms. HR is expressed in beats per minute, SV is expressed in mL/beat and therefore CO is expressed in mL/min (the beats cancel out in the equation). We see a parallel with the respiratory system where the total amount of air moved in one minute is termed Minute Ventilation and it is the product of how many breaths we take in one minute (frequency of breathing) and the amount of air moved with each breath (tidal volume). Therefore, VE = fb x tv. Similar to Q, all of these increase as we move from rest to exercise.

ANSWER

Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems

Oxygen is an essential element in life. The respiratory system provides the means of acquiring oxygen from the environment and transfers it to the body, where it reaches the lungs. Oxygen is ten received from the lungs and pumped into the heart, where the cells of the body are oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, which is then removed from the body. During an acute bout of aerobic exercise, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems respond similarly (Guazzi, Bandera, Ozemek, Systrom, & Arena, 2017). This is since there is deeper and faster breathing during an exercise. This means that there is an increase in the diffusions of oxygen from capillaries into tissues.

There is also an increase in the diffusion of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs. The respiratory system hence experiences an increase in the respiration process, as a way of meeting the new oxygen demands. The heart on the other hand, pumps faster due to the increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues, Carbon dioxide gets returned to the lungs.

The two systems can also respond differently during an acute about of aerobic exercise. The acute responses in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are experienced in transition between rest and when the aerobic exercise is starting. Immediately at the beginning of an exercise, the cardiac output increases due to an increase in the stroke of volume and heart rate. This is then followed by faster breathing (Vanyushin, Fedorov, & Kuznetsova, 2020). As a result, this maximizes the amount of oxygen in the blood. The heart beats faster, leading to an increase in the blood flow to muscles and back to the lungs.

References

Guazzi, M., Bandera, F., Ozemek, C., Systrom, D., & Arena, R. (2017). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing: what is its value?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(13), 1618-1636.

Vanyushin, Y. S., Fedorov, N. A., & Kuznetsova, N. O. (2020). Functional interaction between cardiovascular and respiratory systems during testing loads. 15(1 (eng)).