Medical Sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology etc.)

Select one stress-hormone and one water-hormone and describe how they change during an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Next, describe how their actions help to provide energy and conserve water, respectively, during exercise. Please be sure to cite all sources of information used in your post.
Minimum 300-word count and two references. Give original examples if possible.

ANSWER

Stress and One-Water Hormones

Stress hormones or counter-regulatory hormones are produced in the event of any stressful occurrence, including an infection’s ailment. Emotional, physical, and daily operations can increase anxiety, thus causing the body to release these stress hormones. Glucagon is an example of a stress hormone that is affected by an acute bout of aerobic exercise. During such activities, there is a significant decrease in glucose concentration (Andersen et al., 2018). This, therefore, put aerobic exercise as an efficient way to lower glucose concentration in the postprandial state. This decrease is caused by the generation of glucose transporter translocation and glucose transporter movement in skeletal muscles by exercise. On the other hand, the one-water hormone is called Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone, which controls the body’s water retention. During an acute bout of aerobic exercise, the hormone is elevated, likely to be mediated by several factors, including blood volume and plasma osmolality.

The increased metabolic needs of any working muscle cannot be accomplished without an intense response from the liver. The liver has various functions, including storing, releasing, and recycling potential energy. The energetic needs of the liver are hugely sustained by increased oxidation of fatty acids retrieved from the adipose tissue. Like skeletal muscles and other physiological systems, the liver will adapt to frequent demands of acute aerobic exercises by enhancing its levels of energy production by oxidizing fats. ADH continuously balances and regulates the amount of water in a person’s blood. A high water concentration will enhance the volume and pressure of the blood (Verbalis et al., 2016). Therefore, the baroreceptors and osmotic sensors will function with the antidiuretic hormone to keep stable water metabolism. The baroreceptors within the body will also command the kidneys to store or dispose of water to maintain a healthy range of various substances. These are how the two hormones operate to keep energy and water, respectively.

References

Andersen, A., Lund, A., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2018). Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 14(7), 390-403.

Verbalis, J. G., Greenberg, A., Burst, V., Haymann, J. P., Johannsson, G., Peri, A., … & Dave, J. (2016). Diagnosing and treating the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The American journal of medicine, 129(5), 537-e9.