Anthropology

you are required to make( FIVE ) annotations (thoughtful comments about an article). Thoughtful annotations may engage in key points in the readings, stimulate discussion, offer informative questions or comments. Highlight a sentence or paragraph and make an annotation. Each annotation should be 4 sentences in length.

Please spread the annotation in different pages. It’s 97 pages article so every 16 pages make an annotation please.

I want annotation NOT annotated bibliography
The example is from my other class

ANSWER

Annotations

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Although man has existed on earth for at least half a million years, the first human beings to reach the American continent appear to have arrived only about twenty thousand years ago. Man is an even more recent phenomenon in the Valley of Mexico, since the most ancient human fossil-discovered in Tepexpan, near the famous pyramids of Teotihuacan-is probably no more than ten thousand years old. The development of superior cultural forms also came much later in America than in the Old World. Egypt and Mesopotamia had contrived modes of writing as far back as the fourth millennium before Christ, but in America-specifically in Mexico-we must wait until the middle of the second millennium B.c. before we can discover the earliest vestiges of systematic agriculture and the making of pottery. The most ancient architectural remains in Mexico, indicating the presence of ceremonial centers, date from about five hundred years before Christ, a time when the Old World had already heard the words of the Biblical prophets, and when the first preSocratic philosophers had already spoken in Greece. Perhaps the earliest cultural ferment of any importance in pre-Columbian Mexico took place on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. A number of extraordinary artifacts have been found there, along with the oldest calendar inscription yet discovered.

Comment

The world is characterized by different regions and countries which have different historical background. The cultural beliefs and practices of the communities living in these regions can be traced back to arrival of first human beings many years ago. For instance, the earliest signs of systematic agriculture and pottery in Mexico are defined in the country’s history (during the second millennium B.C). The existence of visible marks and signs are useful in determining what was being done by human beings in the past.

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Other states, alarmed by the Aztecs’ growing power, elected to sign treaties with Tenochtitlan and to deliver it tribute. Among these was the city-state of the Tlahuicas, a people with the same language and culture as the Aztecs, in the southern part of what is now the state of Morelos. Next the Aztecs marched eastward toward the Gulf coast, where the people of Cempoala also agreed to pay tribute. It was in Cempoala that the Spaniards later took excellent advantage of the enmity the Cempoaltecas bore toward their masters. The succeeding phase of Aztec expansion was toward the south. Sometimes the armies arrived as conquerors, at other times in search of trade, but their constant aim was to increase the power of Tenochtitlan.

Comment

Power and leadership concepts are depicted in the article. Human beings have often recognized the significance of control, power, agreement and treaties. In the past, individuals with some common characteristics were led by a master, something that can be seen in our modern societies. Treaties and agreements signed by masters/leaders played an important role in bringing people together and solving conflicts.

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The next day he calledfor his petlacalcatl and said to him: “Tell the magicians to say

what they believe: whether sickness is going to strike, or hunger, or locusts, or storms on the lake, or droughts, and. whether it will rain or not. If war is threatening Mexico, or ifthere will be sudden deaths, or deaths caused by wild beasts,they are not to hide it from me. They must also tell me if theyhave heard the voice of Cihuacoati for when something is tohappen, she is the first to predict it, even long

When they reached the city, they went directly to the king’s palace and spoke to him with all due reverence and humility: “Our lord and king, it is true that strange people have come to the shores of the great sea. They were fishing from a small boat, some with rods and others with a net. They fished until late and then they went back to their two great towers and climbed up into them.

Comments

Different communities are made up of different kinds of people who exhibit different behaviors based on their culture, values, beliefs, practice and what they do. Some people (magicians) believed that they can tell what is going to happen in future as highlighted in the text. For instance, whether hunger will be experienced, sickness will strike or storms will occur in future.  Others engaged themselves in economic activities like fishing.

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Motecuhzoma ordered the sacrifice because he took the Spaniards to be gods; he believed in them and worshiped them as deities. That is why they were called “Gods who have come from heaven.” As for the Negroes,2 they were called “soiled gods.”

Comment

Human beings acknowledge the existence of a supreme being. Hence, they offer sacrifices and bore worship a supreme being (God). These are religious practices witnessed today and in the past. Some people also believe that their ancestors shaped their lives.

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Finally she came out, saying that she wanted to become aa Christian. She went to Cortes and was baptized with a great many others. Cortes himself was her godfather, naming her Dona Maria because she was the first woman. in T ezcoco to become a Christian. Her four daughters, the princesses, were also baptized, along with many other women. And during the three or four days they were in the city, the Spaniards baptized a great multitude of people.

He proposed a long discussion in order to decide whether they should welcome the Christians when they arrived, and if so, in what manner. Cuitlahuac replied that they should not welcome them in any manner, but Cacama disagreed, saying that it would show a want of courage to deny them entrance once they were at the gates. He added that it was not proper for a great lord like his uncle to turn away the ambassadors of another great prince. If the visitors made any demands which displeased Motecuhzoma, he could punish their insolence by sending his hosts of brave warriors against them. Before any one else could speak, Motecuhzoma announced that he agreed with his nephew. Cuitlahuac warned him: “Ipray to our gods that you will not let the strangers into your house.

Comments

Individuals come from different cultural backgrounds. Those who share cultural and racial background, religious as well as family history tend to come together to form a group and identify themselves with a particular leader or a supernatural being. This is something that is reflected today and in the past. Supernatural beings were regarded as gods while leaders were called Kings/lords.