Behavioral Management and Bias in Business

First 3 topic need just one paragraph but two sources cited (2 peer-reviewed articles (no books, book reviews, magazines, or Internet sites not having peer-reviewed articles) and last topic needs 2 paragraphs:
1. Importance of Networking for Successful Managers
2. How can Framing influence decisions
3. How can Verbal and Non-Verbal communication help a successful leader
Last Topic no sources needed:
Define and discuss non-response bias, undercoverage, and response bias. Identify specific scenario in business research that could lead to these types of biases.

ANSWER

Behavioral Management and Bias in Business

Networking can be described as the act of interacting with various with an aim of sharing information, contacts and building of bonds which are beneficial to business. Networking has very many benefits; it enhances sharing of knowledge, it creates many opportunities, it strengthens connections, creates a good profile and finally it builds confidence. Successful managers usually strive to achieve three types of networks; personal, operational and strategic networks. Successful networking requires the right attitude, time consciousness, leverage on social media and respect to everyone (Cullen-Lester, Woehler, & Willburn 2016).  Framing is when decisions made get to be influenced by the information presentation; information can either be less or more attractive depending on the highlighted portions of the information .Framing has several impacts; individual and systemic effects. Framing always happens due to the various ways through which the information is presented; wordings, emphasis and reference points. Verbal communication allows leaders to build a good rapport with the employees, it allows smoothening of work conflicts and also sort out matters arising in the company. Non-verbal communication has significances like enhancement of trust and rapport building as well as observance to agreed-upon procedures (Lewis, Ricard & Klijn 2018).

Non response bias normally takes place when non-responders differ significantly to responders. Non-response bias is common in analytic, experimental and descriptive research cases especially in survey studies. Conflict is likely to arise between the responders and those who don’t thereby leading to mistakes during the estimation intended characteristics. In most cases, the researchers expect the late responders to have similar opinions to the non-responders in terms of interest. Research shows that in a given setting, the elderly, females and the highly educated tend to take part in postal surveys; non-response then occurs due to the exact outcome of results in variables of interest. Apparently those with poor health conditions typically don’t prefer to participate in health-related surveys but those who do normally get positive health feedbacks. In order to prevent this type of bias, the preventive steps must be designed, implemented and analyzed to fully suit its intended purpose. Undercoverage bias is a sampling bias that takes place when a section of the research population are inadequately represented in the survey sample. Undercoverage bias is caused by insufficient knowledge on the research population, convenience sampling, survey design, lack of resources and time constraint. Some of these causes are either personal errors made by the researcher while some are beyond the control of the researcher.

Undercoverage biases are normally experienced in elections, in statistics and research. Some of the cons of this bias are high chances of variability, voluntary response bias, alteration of research results and validity and finally it can result into researcher bias especially in a systematic investigation. Prevention can be enhanced by email invitation, offline form capability, mobile forms, multiple form sharing options and conditional logic. Response bias can be defined as the act of responding to tests depending on factors other than the content, it involves test feedbacks based on false attitudes, thoughts, behaviors and beliefs. Response bias is divided into six types, namely social desirability, demand characteristics, extreme responses, neutral responding, dissent and acquiescence bias. Response bias can be eliminated through several ways; avoidance of question wording bias, effective administration, understanding the targeted demographic, question diversification, giving rooms of ‘No’ feedbacks from the responders and prevention of emotionally initiated terms.

References

Chacra, F., & Rocha, J. (2019). Behavioral management patterns: Small firms’ recipe for growth.

Cullen-Lester, K. L., Woehler, M. L., & Willburn, P. (2016). Network-based leadership development: A guiding framework and resources for management educators. Journal of Management Education, 40(3), 321-358.

Gigerenzer, G. (2018). The bias bias in behavioral economics. Review of Behavioral Economics, 5(3-4), 303-336.

Jusyte, A., Pfister, R., Gehrer, N., & Schönenberg, M. (2019). Risky business! Behavioral bias and motivational salience of rule-violations in children with conduct disorder. Psychiatry research, 271, 740-746.

Lewis, J. M., Ricard, L. M., & Klijn, E. H. (2018). How innovation drivers, networking and leadership shape public sector innovation capacity. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(2), 288-307.

Sarkar, A. (2016). We live in a VUCA World: the importance of responsible leadership. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal.