Communications

Read the Power Point and answer the 15 review questions on slide 14 and 15 of the Power Point.

Book Title: Supervision in the Hospitality Industry
Book Edition: Eighth Edition
Author(s): John R. Walker and Jack. E. Miller
Publisher: Wiley
ISBN: 978-1-119-14846-3

ANSWER

Review Questions

Review Questions

Describe the 6 characteristics of leaders.

1. Leaders are self-driven. They are willing and able to put in the work needed to achieve a set goal.
2. They have integrity. They always do the right thing even when no one is monitoring or looking at them.
3. They have a desire to influence others. Leaders want to develop, help, and coach others towards achieving a common goal.
4. They are honest and can build trusting relationships by being truthful and consistent.
5. They are self-confident.
6. They are intelligent. Leaders can gather, analyze, and interpret information to help them in goal achievement. They are also great at communicating the information gathered.

Define Power and describe the 4 types of power.

Power refers to the capacity to influence the behavior and actions of other people. There are four basic sources of power:

1. Legitimate power – derived from one’s position within a company.
2. Reward power – derived from a person’s control over rewards.
3. Coercive power – derived from a person’s ability to threaten others with negative outcomes.
4. Expert power – derived from a person’s charisma and the respect that the person inspires from other people.

Define Leadership.

Leadership refers to the ability and the act of guiding or influencing the actions of one’s followers to reach certain set goals. A leader is followed voluntarily.

Differentiate between Formal Authority and Real Authority.

Formal authority is the authority that comes from one’s position within an organization. Real authority is conferred to an individual by their subordinates (where one has earned the right to lead their subordinates).

Differentiate between Formal Leader and Informal Leader.

A formal leader is a person who has been put in charge based on the organizational chart, while an informal leader is a person who is in charge by having the support of the employees.

What is meant by “Doing the right things right”?

Doing the right things right means doing what is expected in the way that it is expected to be done. It relates to ensuring that everything is done correctly in the right manner.

What are 5 practices common to all leaders?

1. They challenge the process by searching for opportunities to disrupt the status quo and bring improvement.
2. They inspire a shared vision since they envision the future and ensure that others join the journey towards its realization.
3. They foster collaboration and establish teams through mutual trust and respect, enabling others to act.
4. They model the way by developing standards of excellence and principles, setting an example for their followers to follow.
5. They are very encouraging to their followers, making them feel appreciated for their contribution.

Define Leadership Style. List the 4 styles discussed.

Leadership style is a pattern of interacting and working with one’s subordinates. It relates to how one provides directions and controls work. The four major styles of leadership are autocratic leadership, bureaucratic leadership, democratic leadership, and laissez-faire leadership.

What are the 3 features of Theory X?

1. Human beings have an inborn dislike for work and will avoid it as much as possible.
2. Humans must be “coerced, controlled, directed, and threatened with punishment” to get the work done.
3. Humans prefer to be led, avoid responsibility, lack ambition, and want security above all else.

What are 4 features of Theory Y?

1. Work is as natural as play or rest – people do not dislike it inherently.
2. Control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of getting people to do their jobs. They will work hard on their own toward objectives they feel committed.
3. People become committed to objectives that fulfill their inner personal needs, such as self-respect, independence, achievement, recognition, status, and growth.
4. Under the right conditions, people learn to not only accept responsibility but also to seek it.

Describe the 2 types of behaviors associated with Situational Leadership.

1. Directive behavior – involves telling employees what they need to do, when to do it, where to do it, and how to do it.
2. Supportive behavior – shows support and caring for the employees by encouraging, praising, listening to their ideas and contributions, involving them in decision-making, and helping them to develop their solutions to problems.

Describe the 4 styles that come from these behaviors.

1. Directing style, which is low on support but high on direction.
2. Coaching style, which is high on direction but with more support to employees.
3. Supporting style, which is high on support but low on directions given to employees.
4. Delegating style, which is low on both direction and support given to employees.

Describe Transactional Leadership.

A transactional style of leadership involves motivating employees by appealing to their self-interest (to get rewarded). A transactional leader motivates employees to do the job well and meet goals so that they can get rewarded.

Describe Transitional Leadership.

Involves inspiring employees to go beyond and do more than what was originally thought possible. A transitional leader communicates with employees and inspires them about the mission and objective of the company, leads by example, and acts as a mentor to the employees.

Define Ethics. What are 5 questions to ask to help decide how ethical a decision is?

Ethics are a set of moral principles or rules of conduct that give guidelines for people to act in a morally right manner. To help decide on how ethical a decision is, five questions should be asked:

1. Is the decision legal?
2. Is the decision fair?
3. Does the decision hurt anyone?
4. Have I been honest with those affected?
5. Can I live with my decision?