Criminal Justice
*Please respond to one essay question:
1- What are hate crimes and their relevant factors?
2- Explain the term anarchism.
3- What are the differences between anarchist, racial supremacist, ethnic separatist, and hate groups?
4- Develop a case study on one anarchist, racial supremacist, ethnic separate or hate group?
5- Is ANTIFA a terrorist group?
*Additional Assignment Requirements
1- You must follow the writing requirements provided for the course (i.e. ensure you follow APA formatting)
2- A word count should be provided on your title page.
3- You must write in the third person
4- Each body paragraph will have appropriate analysis and discussions
5- You must use author information appropriately. Author information cannot stand alone
6- Assignments will be uploaded and use Turnitin an anti-plagiarism tool
7- Submit all papers to PaperRater.com (Links to an external site.) to proactively check your work for plagiarism. This will assist you with grammar and citations as well.
*Grading
Papers will be graded on content, language mechanics, and APA formatting. Please ensure that you check the provided grading scheme to see the specific criteria that are being examined for each category.
ANSWER
Differences between Anarchist, racial supremacist, ethnic separatist, and hate groups
Anarchism is a political theory centered on the belief that government is harmful and unnecessary. The term anarchy comes from the Greek word anarchos which means “without authority” (Arif et al., 2019). Anarchism developed in the West in the 20th century and spread globally. Pierre Joseph Proudhon was the first individual to refer to himself as an anarchist openly. According to Proudhon, the laws of society stem from the nature of society and not the authority. He, therefore, saw a dissolution of authority and the natural emergence of social order. An anarchist is a person who rebels against authority. Anarchists believe that a self-managed society would be more organized and orderly for its bottom-up policy, unlike the one in which leaders impose top-bottom policies.
Racial supremacist refers to the beliefs and ideas that one’s race is superior and more important than others. White supremacy, for instance, is the notion that white people are superior to persons from other races, thus dominating them (Jenkins, 2021). In the present day, White supremacy is the conspiracy theory of white genocide. The theory warns that the White race is endangered through immigration and interracial relationships (Mulligan et al., 2021). For instance, during former President Donald Trump’s presidential campaigns, he referred to Mexican immigrants as drug dealers, criminals and rapists inciting violence. Such incitements could lead followers to believe that they are superior to other races and that the other races are not entitled to White rights and privileges.
Ethnic separatists are individuals who separate or withdraw from others in relation to their ethnic groups. Separatist groups practice politics based on the shared experiences of group members. The groups are motivated by the belief that interacting with other groups could compromise their identity. There is a growing influence of ethnic separatism among African Americans and French Canadians.
Hate groups are organizations that spread lies intending to incite hatred against a particular group of people based on factors such as sexual orientation, race, color, or religion. Hate groups perceive other groups as inferior and fail to respect human rights. Accordingly, The Southern Poverty Law Center, California, has the highest number of active hate groups in the US (Rogers, 2018). Southern Poverty Law Center (2016) lists 892 active hate groups including; White nationalists, Black separatists, Ku Klux Klan-190, Neo-Nazi, Racist Skinhead, Christian identity, Neo-confederate, and general hate. Ku Klux Klan-190 is one of the oldest hate groups in the US and targets black Americans, Jews, immigrants, homosexuals, and Catholics. While Black separatists’ groups have their ideologies based on race hatred, White Nationalists promote White supremacy and separatism.
Hate groups commit hate crimes, which are acts that involve practices of prejudice against individuals for their perceived group membership, such as race, religion, sexual orientation, political affiliation, or gender. The 1964 Federal Rights Law was the first hate crime American law (Rogers, 2018). According to the law, any individual who intimidated interfered with or injured another based on the person’s color, religion, nationality, or religion was a hate crime offender. Former President Trump’s era saw an increase in hate groups in media (Rogers, 2018). White supremacists Dylann Roof’s attacks on Charlottesville and the Charleston Church are examples of hate crimes that were long discussed in the media (Rogers, 2018). In the United States, anti-religious hate crimes are more committed towards Jews and Muslims compared to other groups. In most cases, hate crime victims are often strangers to their offenders; however, some may be acquaintances. The best way to solve hate crimes is to interdict the hatred and educate people on tolerance and respect for diversity.
References
Arif, D., Miller, M. A., Woodcock, G., & Rosemont, F. (2019, November 25). “Anarchism”. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/anarchism.
Jenkins, J. P. (2021). “White supremacy”. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/white-supremacy
Mulligan, K., Steele, B., Clark, S., Padmanabhan, A., & Hunkler , R. (2021). A National Policy Blueprint To End White Supremacist Violence. Center for American Progress.
https://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2021/04/21080653/WhiteSupremacy-report-7.pdf
Rogers, M. (2018). The State of Hate in America: A Study of Hate Group Permeation in the United States by State. New York: City University of New York.
https://academicworks.cuny.edu
Southern Poverty Law Center. (2016). Active hate groups in the United States in 2015.
