essay on Paget disease

Essay on Paget Disease

Point 1

Start with a brief overview of the chosen disease. Explain why you have selected this particular disease.

Point 2

Tell about the causes of the disease, people who are more likely to have it, the main disease carriers, etc.

Point 3

Describe the main symptoms of the disease in your essay and modalities (such as x-rays, CT scans, radiation, chemotherapy and etc.) used to diagnosed it. Here you can also tell about the major effects that the disease has on the human organism.

Point 4

Describe in your essay on disease the ways of preventing and treating it and what it cost to treat it. Also add survival rate of early detection. Certainly, if you want to amaze your tutor with the essay on disease, this part of the paper should be based on the most up-to-date facts.

1. Essay display subject matter will be chosen by the Essay displayer. 2. The subject matter should be pertinent to the field of radiologic technology -pathology, which includes all modalities employed in the field of Imaging for the diagnosis and/or treatment of disease. 3. Essay displays should demonstrate originality of subject matter, be of general interest and value to other technologists and non technologist from both practical and educational viewpoints, and be of technical excellence. 4. Essay displays should show no names or photographs that could identify the patient, institution, or department.

Criteria Point Value

1. Educational Value 0 – 40
2. Contribution to higher standards
3. Illustration of new or unusual technology or practice
4. Treatment of current technology or practice from a historical perspective
5. Value to technologists with little experience or limited facilities

2. Originality 0 – 20
3. Development of a new technique or idea
4. Improvement of existing methods of practice
5. Evidence of original investigative effort
6. Originality of display concept

3. Practical Value 0 – 20
4. Can information be used by most technologists?
5. Can the information be easily applied utilizing currently available technology?
6. Will the display concept improve current practices or standards as it is applied?

4. Technical Quality and Presentation 0 – 20
5. Organization:   Is material orderly and placed in logical sequence?
6. Visual Material:   Do visual materials effectively promote understanding of the display?
7. Text:  Is the text neat, clear, easy to read and free from errors?
8. Esthetic appeal:   Overall appearance and neatness of models, illustrations and graphics

ANSWER

Overview

Paget’s disease of the bone affects the normal functioning of the body and its recycling system, in which new bone tissues steadily replaces the old bone tissues. After a particular time, this ailment can make the bones weak and deformed. The complication often happens in the skull, legs, spine, and pelvis. The danger of getting this infection rises with age and if any family member has the problem. Some of the complications associated with this disorder engage hearing loss, broken bones, and pinched nerves in the spine (Morrison, 2018). Even though the disease’s etiology is not common, both environmental and genetic contributors have been acknowledged. The geographic and ethnic clustering of the ailment is well outlined. It is popular in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. The reason for picking on this disease is its complicated nature, making it necessary for detailed research and overview. One factor that makes it delicate is that most individuals with Paget’s disease of the borne have limited symptoms, and when they occur, the popular complaint is borne the pain.

Causes and Carries

The precise cause of this disorder is unknown; however, researchers suggest that some of the causes might be linked with multi-factorial, caused by the associations with particular genetic and environmental conditions. In major cases, no exact cause for the disease can be identified, and in some research findings, the disorder can be associated with the “slow virus” illness of the bone, a situation that has existed for several years before signs appear. In about 20-30 percent of the cases, there is a family record of the diseases. Other researchers have found numerous genes that might predispose people to have Paget’s disorder. Genes linked with the condition include the TNFRSFIIA gene, codes for a RANK protein, and the VCP gene. People under the age of 40 are most likely to have this Paget’s disorder; however, this might occur in up to 3 percent of a population over sixty years. Still, the sickness affects people of all racial and ethnic groups, including Asian descent. Both women and men can be affected by minimal male predominance.

Symptoms and effects on the Human Organism

The disorder normally causes zero symptoms; however, bone enlargement, bone pain, and other deformities are likely to show. Bone pain may be intense and rarely server and might deteriorate at night hours. The expanding bones are likely to squeeze nerves, causing more pain, and if osteoarthritis happens, the joints get throbbing and firm. Other symptoms differ, relying on the affected bones. The skull might enlarge, and the forehead might appear more famous, affecting the inner ear, thus causing dizziness and hearing loss (Charles, 2019). The inflamed skull bones can constrict nerves, which causes headaches. Some of the scalp veins might enlarge, thus causing increased blood flow through the skull bones. Bones rooted in the upper arm or thighs might appear and are likely to break since the bone has been weakened by Paget disorder. The vertebrae might also swell or collapse due to this weakness.

The disorder is normally discovered accidentally when x-rays or laboratory tests are done for other motives under the diagnosis. Otherwise, the diagnosis of Paget can be discovered centered on the signs and physical evaluation. An x-ray is another technique used to diagnose the sickness where it indicates the abnormalities of Paget (Charles, 2019). Laboratory tests can be used to evaluate blood degrees of alkaline phosphatase (the enzyme engaged in bone formation), phosphate, and calcium. Some of the major effects occur in the skull and the spine that can pressure the brain, nerves and low blood flow to the brain and spinal cord. When the disorder affects the facial bones, the teeth may losses hence making chewing hard. Other complications and health problems involve hearing loss, arthritis, loose teeth, nervous system problems, and heart sickness.

Treatment and Prevention

The idea of prevention within bone health might be complex and normally incorporates measures that may be popularly viewed as treatments. In bone health, the terms prevention and treatment are always used interchangeably because the primary objective of treatment is to prevent fractures. In health and overall health care, prevention can be regarded as taking anticipatory steps meant to lower the chances that an event or condition might happen. The bone area’s preventive mechanism can engage primary preventions, including encouraging full consumption of enough calcium and vitamin D, enough physical activities, and other bone-healthy lifestyle actions.

Suppose one does not have pain or other signs. In that case, no treatment is needed since the doctor might recommend simple monitoring of the condition with constant office visits intermittent x-ray to watch for transformations in the affected bone. However, if symptoms do happen, the doctor might recommend one or additional nonsurgical measures. Drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen and aspirin, can significantly relieve mild bone pain associated with the disease and arthritis that might be linked with Paget. Assistive devices such as a cane are significant in reducing the pain by lowering the forces going through the bone (Sasikumar et al., 2016). Using a cane can also help prevent falls, so there are few risks of fracture in the bone, which is a popular complication of the ailment. Still, under treatment, when bone pain is more significant, bisphosphonates are the best medication that hinders osteoclasts. Surgery is not normally necessary for Paget’s disease; however, it can be essential for other complications associated with the complications, including the bone breaks that will need operations.

Survival Rate

The overall outlook for patients with this complication is good, more so if the treatment is given before primary changes have occurred in the bone. The prognosis would be extra unfavorable if the patient had any sarcomata’s degeneration, more so if there is multi-centricity. The 5-year survival rate for a patient with the disease and sarcoma is approximately 5-75 percent (Alikhan, 2018). However, this might increase as high as 50 percent for those undergoing chemotherapy and operative tumor oblation. A 5-year survival rate for elderly patients with fundamental non-pagetic sarcoma is 37 percent.

Conclusion

Paget’s disease of the bone is an ailment of the process through which the body absorbs and regenerates bone. It can result in deformities and other complications that enhance the risks of fracture and injuries. The diseases cause mild signs or limited, even though diverse individuals with the sickness will not be aware they have the disorder. While researchers might be examining the causes of the disease, most believe that it has links to the measles virus. Treatments such as bisphosphonates and other supplements should be used effectively to prevent and control Paget’s disease.

References

Alikhan, M. (2018, December 21). Paget Disease. Retrieved from emedicine.medscape.com/article/334607-overview

Charles, J. (2019, March 1). Paget Disease of Bone – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders. Retrieved from www.msdmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/paget-disease-of-bone/paget-disease-of-bone

Morrison, W. (2018, November 30). Paget’s disease of bone: Symptoms, causes, and treatment. Retrieved from www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/177668

Sasikumar, A., Joy, A., Nanabala, R., Pillai, M. R. A., & Hari, T. A. (2016). 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT false-positive tracer uptake in Paget disease. Clinical nuclear medicine, 41(10), e454-e455.