nternational Studies

Reflect upon Samuel Huntington’s assertions within Section 14, The Clash of Civilizations and The Remaking of the World Order.

1. Huntington’s arguments infer that the cultures of the world are all very different. What basic needs and wants are shared by all people of the world?

2. What are the major critiques of Huntington’s argument offered by Amartya Sen and Edward W. Said?

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ANSWER

International Studies

Whereas Huntington argues that all the cultures of the world differ, some basic wants such as food, shelter, and clothing are shared by all people. Everyone irrespective of culture must eat to be alive. The only difference is the type and means of preparation of these foods. The variance depends on the racial, regional, and tribal cultures of people around the world. It is due to this reason that some of the meals that appeal to people from certain backgrounds are distasteful to others. Everyone in the world also need shelter to prevent the risks of harsh weather conditions, and attacks from other animals. Shelters also differ based on culture, further proving Huntington’s argument that culture is the primary differentiating factor of humans across the globe. All people irrespective of background equally require clothing. The latter is also used to protect humans from external environmental hazards while also identifying individuals as either male or female. I, therefore, find it justifiable to claim that whereas foods, shelter, and clothing differ based on culture, they remain the primary shared needs and wants by all humans.

The first and most pronounced critique of Huntington’s theory by Sen is the question of the clash of civilizations. The author questions the rationale for identifying specific groups as civilized on instances where animosity is the primary basis for differences. Sen also argues that Huntington’s identification of the characteristics of Muslim or western civilization is undefendable. The authors assert his potion on the above critique by positing that each individual has unique diverse identities and commitments that offer them an opportunity to peacefully coexist with the rest of the population. The assertion dispels Huntington’s claims that culture plays a role in shaping how people relate as a group in society. Overall, the main critiques by Sen are aimed at the flaws of the religious and cultural aspects of Huntington’s theory of the clash of civilizations.