Nursing
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Nursing Questions and Answers
Question 1
Personal protective equipment needed includes; gloves, eye protection, lab coat, and closed-toed shoes. Culturing techniques used include Tryptic soy broth, examination of intubation tubes, and the tube coagulase test. I would use the selective media, namely, the Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), a particular media that encourages the growth of a certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others (Janse et al., 2018). To determine contamination, I will visually examine it, and if contaminated, I separate the toxic culture from the rest to avoid spread.
Question 2
Syphilis is a bacterial infection spread through sexual contact. It is caused by a bacteria known as Treponema pallidum, and it has four stages. During the primary stage, there is a development of a painless sore, swelling of the lymph nodes, the appearance of a chancre in the genital area in men, and the development of chancres on the outer genitals in women, which is highly contagious. In the secondary stage, there is a rash that appears after the development of the chancre, open sores on the mucus membranes, accompanied by weight loss, and fever. In the latent stage, there are no visible signs of syphilis, and the infected does not have symptoms but still can spread syphilis. Finally, the tertiary stage is the most dangerous and destructive stage with symptoms like gummata, neurosyphilis, and cardiovascular syphilis. Syphilis in this stage leads to the damage of internal organs, resulting in possible death. Syphilis can be prevented through the use of protective measures such as using condoms and abstinence (Healthwise Staff, 2020).
Question 3
Protozoan infections include Malaria, which is caused by malaria parasites that belong to the genus Plasmodium, which are more than 100 species. The mosquito is the intermediate host of Malaria. The malaria parasites enter into the person’s bloodstream to the liver, infecting the red blood cells.
Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic worms in the genus Schistosoma, and snails are its intermediate hosts. The worms lay eggs in the body tissues, leading to massive damage.
Chagas disease is caused by a bacteria called Trypanosoma cruzi which belongs to the genus Trypanosoma of T.cruzi and triatomine bugs are its intermediate vectors. The parasites spread and multiply in the body, causing harm (Cholewiński et al., 2015).
Question 4
- Toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria cause it.
- Doctors gave the prisoners antitoxins which prevent the toxin from causing more harm
References
Cholewiński, M., Derda, M., & Hadaś, E. (2015). Parasitic diseases in humans transmitted by vectors. Annals of Parasitology, 61(3), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.17420/ap6103.01
Healthwise Staff. (2020, February). Stages of Syphilis | Michigan Medicine. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/tm6404
Janse, J. J., Langenberg, M. C. C., Kos-Van Oosterhoud, J., Ozir-Fazalalikhan, A., Brienen, E. A. T., Winkel, B. M. F., Erkens, M. A. A., van der Beek, M. T., van Lieshout, L., Smits, H. H., Webster, B. L., Zandvliet, M. L., Verbeek, R., Westra, I. M., Meij, P., Visser, L. G., van Diepen, A., Hokke, C. H., Yazdanbakhsh, M., & Roestenberg, M. (2018). Establishing the Production of Male Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae for a Controlled Human Infection Model. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 218(7), 1142–1146. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy275
