Psychology

Discuss the differences between establishing and abolishing operations, and explain why you might manipulate these Motivating Operations as part of planned behavior change. Next, explain each type of Differential Reinforcement (DRO/DRI/DRA/DRL), and provide a basic example of how two DR procedures can be used to promote changes in behavior. Finally, discuss how other procedures might be incorporated to support a differential reinforcement approach as part of a behavior reduction component to the plan.

ANSWER

Differential Reinforcement

Establishing operation boosts to current effectiveness of some object, stimulus, and event as reinforcement (Edwards, Lotfizadeh and Poling, 2019). Therefore, these are events that demonstrate the value of a reinforce. Abolishing operation lowers the current effectiveness of an event, object, or stimulus as a reinforcement (Edwards, Lotfizadeh and Poling, 2019). This means that abolishing operation damages a certain form of reinforcement. One may manipulate motivation operations to maintain a particular behavior and reduce the enforcement value. This is because it will impact the effectiveness of a particular event for its purposes as a reinforce. Manipulation of these motivating operations is essential for planned behaviors since these approaches are used for specific events, stimulus, situation, and context, which lead to a well-directed and typical behavior.

DRO entails reinforcing other essential behavior and when the problem behavior does not happen for the dictated period (Collins, Newman, Endres and Villarreal, 2020). For instance, a teacher can reinforce a child for their behavior of not making noise in class.  Differential Reinforcement of an Alternative Behavior entails strengthening another action that is not compatible that can also happen at the time of problem behavior. For instance, a person makes fun of another while talking serious things about them. Therefore, making fun is a problem behavior is an alternative behavior that has occurred when talking severe things about the other person. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior entails the enforcement of an action that is compatible that cannot happen at the same time with the problem behavior. For instance, a child is not playing instead, he is eating lunch. The incompatible behavior of playing cannot happen at the same time as eating lunch. Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates entails good behavior, which occurs most frequently. For instance, a child is social to everyone in the family, but this happens more than twenty times a day. His mother starts to reinforce their behavior when they are not social with others.

Antecedent modifications prevent problem behaviors and teach new behaviors that alter the problematic behaviors and attempt to eliminate consequences that strengthen or maintain undesirable behaviors. Antecedent modifications influence the problematic behavior through changing the environment with clear definition of right and wrong behaviors. Antecedents modification can support the differential reinforcement approach since they promote good behavior and prevent unwanted behavior through manipulating the environment in which a behavior occurs. Antecedent modifications reinforce the interfering behavior and modifies the activity.

References

Collins, T. A., Newman, C. L., Endres, B., & Villarreal, J. N. (2020). Differential Reinforcement. School-Based Behavioral Intervention Case Studies: Effective Problem Solving for School Psychologists, 15.

Edwards, T. L., Lotfizadeh, A. D., & Poling, A. (2019). Motivating operations and stimulus control. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 112(1), 1-9.